3种生长延缓剂对彩色马蹄莲无菌苗生长的影响

使用不同浓度多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)、水杨酸(SA)结合不同浓度配比的6-BA和NAA以促进彩色马蹄莲无菌侧芽分化和生长。将用不同浓度的PP333、CCC、SA处理后的彩色马蹄莲无菌苗转入MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L培养基中进行增殖培养,结果表明:PP333对抑制植株生长、促进块茎膨大及芽分化具有明显效果,并以8.0mg/L为最佳浓度。用含不同浓度NAA、6-BA的MS培养基培养经PP3338.0mg/L处理过的彩色马蹄莲无菌苗,最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0~3.0mg/L。     

Comparative studies of the changes in enzymatic activities in hardy and less hardy cultivars of winter wheat in late fall and in winter under snow

Abstract

The synthetic activity of protein and changes in the activity profiles of enzymes during cold acclimation were studied in leaves, stems, and crowns of a hardy winter wheat cultivar ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Horoshirikomugi) and a less hardy winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61). The results showed that one of the genetic differences between the two cuitivars is found in the activities of protein synthesis under low temperatures. The profiles of the changes in enzymatic activities showed that the adjustment of enzymatic activities was a tissue-specific event to accommodate environmental changes. The synthesis of the enzymes involved in a peroxide scavenging system such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and so on started at the acclimation stage, while the phosphoglucose isomerase, which appears to be a maintenance-type enzyme in the wintering wheat, showed a small increase in the activity at later stages of acclimation period in their stems of both cuitivars. When the field was covered with snow, the catalase activity in the leaves started to decrease abruptly, while catalase activities in the stems and crowns did not exhibit appreciable changes during the life under snow. The life-cycle dependent changes in enzymatic activities appear to occur in late March or early April under snow.     

Nitrogen Assimilatory Enzymes and Amino Acid Content in Inoculated Foliar Fertilized Pea Plants Grown at Reduced Molybdenum Concentration

ABSTRACT

A possibility to improve nitrogen assimilation in nitrogen fixing Molybdenum (Mo) deficient pea plants was shown. The influence of foliar supplied nutrients in addition to root nutrition resulted in reducing the unfavorable effects of inorganic nitrogen on nodule function and Mo deficiency on the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes. Inoculated pea plants were grown on liquid nutrient solution both with and without Mo. The following variants were tested: Mo supplied plants with root nutrition (F1 + Mo); Mo supplied plants with root and foliar nutrition (F2 + Mo); Mo deficient plants with root nutrition (F1 ? Mo); and Mo deficient plants with root and foliar nutrition (F2 ? Mo). Foliar application of nutrients had a positive effect on the glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase enzyme activities in the roots and nodules of Mo deficient plants. It was found that the foliar fertilization reduced the inhibitory effect of Mo shortage on the aspartate/asparagine content in the pea shoots.     

Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism and Proteases Activity in Hairy Roots of Clover and Carrots,with and without Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Hairy roots can be used for metabolic studies and also as a substrate for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, little is known about the behavior of these roots when infected with AMF. The metabolism of hairy roots grown with or without AMF, on two culture media, was investigated. An increase in protease activity was observed when the roots were cultured on medium with high nitrogen (N)-content. Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities increased along the development in both carrot and clover hairy roots. With the advancement of root senescence (at 132 d) a greater degradation of root tissue occurred, which was characterized by an increase in catabolic enzymes activity (proteases and GDH deamination). The results indicate that the glutamine synthetase/GOGAT pathway, characteristic of plant tissues, ceases to act in synchronism and is replaced by the GDH/GOGAT system under conditions of stress or senescence when excess ammonium is present.     

The evolution of glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activities and the ortho‐diphenolic content of sunflower leaves cultivated under different boron treatments.

Both enzymatic activities increased under B‐deficient and B‐toxic treatments. The ortho‐diphenolic content did not change with B levels.

Our results suggest that the primary B action on the OPP pathway is at the first enzyme (glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase) level and that the B effect on 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase is secondary to this. The B action on the enzymatic activities seems not to be caused by any direct interaction with substrates, as B infiltration of B‐deficient culture “in vivo”; seems to result in long term effects on cell structures and/or processes not easily r

In this paper the glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate ‐ dehydrogenase activities and ortho‐diphenolic content of hydroponically‐cultivated sunflower‐leaves with moderately deficient, normal and toxic B levels were measured. The change in these parameters during time was considered, together with the restoration of enzymatic activities by means of borate infiltration of deficient and normal leaves. The micronutrient content of the leaves was alsversible by B infiltration of leaves. The positive correlation found between the 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activity and the Zn content in leaves might be interpretable as and indirect B effect on that activity through modification of Zn content.     

Stimulation of Regrowth in Barley by Application of Cytokinin

Abstract

The ability of cytokinin to stimulate regrowth in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Alexis) after cutting was investigated under glasshouse conditions. Application of 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BA) to the irrigation water, from heading to termination of the trial, four weeks after grain ripening, significantly increased both tiller number and biomass after cutting at grain maturity. Cutting at earlier growth stages had no significant effect on these characteristics.     

胡杨果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶的定位及功能研究

将从胡杨中克隆的果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶基因（PeALD）构建到pGEX-4T—1载体上,经IPTG诱导成功获得融合蛋白GST：PeALD,并将蛋白进行纯化,其大小约为52kD,转化大肠杆菌的耐盐性实验表明,PeALD基因的成功表达有利于提高大肠杆菌菌株的耐盐性。为研究该基因编码蛋白在植物细胞中的定位,将基因的ORF区构建到定位表达载体pMDC85上,通过PEG介导的拟南芥瞬时转化法观察融合蛋白PeALD：GFP在细胞中的定位情况,结果显示该蛋白定位于胞质中,由此说明实验克隆得到的该胡杨果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶基因编码的是胞质蛋白。烟草种子在盐培养基上的萌发实验结果显示转基因烟草具有更高的耐盐性;烟草水培苗经200mmol／LNaCl处理一周后,可溶性糖的质谱检测结果显示转基因植株中葡萄糖的含量有很大提高。表明胡杨果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶通过促进糖酵解和有氧呼吸途径来提高植物对盐胁迫的适应性。     

薄皮甜瓜离体再生体系的优化

通过器官发生途径诱导形成不定芽,建立薄皮甜瓜‘IVF05’植株再生体系,探讨不同外植体及不同的激素组合对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明,子叶近胚轴端外植体的不定芽再生率为90.00%,子叶节的再生率为85.00%,子叶远胚轴端外植体的再生率为31.43%,下胚轴的再生率为0,子叶近胚轴端是‘IVF05’不定芽分化的理想的外植体。不定芽诱导中最适宜的培养基为MS+ABA 0.5 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1,在此培养基上产生的愈伤较少,能正常分化的不定芽较多,不定芽的生长较快。在MS+6-BA 0.05 mg·L-1的不定芽伸长培养基上,分化的不定芽能够伸长长大。在MS+IAA 0.2 mg·L-1的生根培养基上无根苗容易生根。从外植体培养到获得完整再生植株需50⁶0 d。     

棉铃虫YTHDF1基因的表达模式及在核型多角体病毒侵染中的作用

为明确N6-甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine,m⁶A）修饰在棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HearNPV）侵染棉铃虫中的作用,根据基因组和转录组数据,对棉铃虫m⁶A结合蛋白基因YTHDF1（YTH domain-containing family protein 1）进行鉴定和分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测棉铃虫YTHDF1基因的时空表达模式、HearNPV处理后的表达变化情况以及RNA干扰效率,并调查该基因下调后对HearNPV复制及感染HearNPV棉铃虫死亡情况的影响。结果显示,棉铃虫YTHDF1基因开放阅读框全长为2 019 bp,编码672个氨基酸,含有1个保守的YTH结构域,其氨基酸序列与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura同源物序列一致性达87.52%。YTHDF1基因在棉铃虫不同发育阶段均有表达,其中在进入5龄期24 h幼虫中的表达量最高,在2龄取食期幼虫中的表达量最低。YTHDF1基因的空间表达谱呈现一定的组织特异性,在幼虫血细胞和成虫头部的表达量最高。HearNPV侵染棉铃虫后YTHDF1基因上调表达,经RNA干扰使该基因下调后显著抑制了HearNPV多角体蛋白基因polyhedrin的表达并延迟了感染HearNPV棉铃虫的死亡时间。表明YTHDF1基因在HearNPV侵染棉铃虫的过程中发挥着重要作用。     

早春栽培的印度南瓜果实淀粉积累相关酶的活力

为选育果实淀粉含量高、适于早春日光温室栽培的印度南瓜,以Agol、雪2父、S8844、无名绿4份高代自交系种质为试材,研究果实发育期间(授粉后14、21、28、35、42 d)淀粉含量动态变化及其与AGPase、GBSS、SSS、SBE、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶等酶活力的相关性.结果表明,果实发育42 d后,高淀粉含量种...